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Studia Geologica Polonica vol. 113 (Abstracts) Studia Geologica Polonica, 113: 7-64. Diatom stratigraphy of the Mazovian Interglacial lacustrine sediments in southeastern Poland Barbara MARCINIAK Institute of Geological Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Twarda 51/55, 00-818 Warszawa, Poland; bmarcini@twarda.pan.plAbstract
SGP Home Page Volume content Studia Geologica Polonica, 113: 65-83. Middle Pleistocene lake deposits in southern Podlasie (eastern Poland) Leszek LINDNER* & Barbara MARCINIAK** * Institute of Geology, Warsaw University, al. Żwirki i Wigury 93, 02-089 Warszawa, Poland; lindner@geo.uw.edu.pl** Institute of Geological Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Twarda 51/55, 00-818 Warszawa, Poland; bmarcini@twarda.pan.pl Abstract
SGP Home Page Volume content Studia Geologica Polonica, 113: 85-103. Rozwój systemu jaskiniowego Szczeliny Chochołowskiej (Tatry Zachodnie) w świetle wyników datowania nacieków metodą uranowo-torową Helena HERCMAN*, Tomasz NOWICKI*, Stein-Erik LAURITZEN** * Institute of Geological Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Twarda 51/55, 00-818 Warszawa, Poland; hhercman@twarda.pan.pl, tnowicki@twarda.pan.pl** Institute of Geology, Bergen University, Alegatte 41, 5007 Bergen, Norway Streszczenie
Development of Szczelina Chochołowska Cave (Western Tatra Mts), based on uranium-series dating of speleothems Summary31 speleothem samples collected in Szczelina Chochołowska Cave (Western Tatra Mts., Poland) were dated using (Figs 1 & 2) 230Th/234U method (Ivanovich & Harmon, 1992). Dates spanning from 2 ka to ca 350 ka (a-particle counting, Tab. 1, Fig. 3) have been identified. On the basis of these dating results it was possible to estimate the climatic changes in Tatra Mts over the last 350 ka. Seven periods of speleothem crystallisation were recognised from the data (Fig. 4). These record periods of warm, humid conditions separated by cold, dry ones marked by breaks in speleothem deposition. The development of the Szczelina Chochołowska Cave is show schematically in Fig. 5. Some 350 ka ago the valley floor was ca 35-45 m above its present level. The passages between cave entrances III and II were dry and speleothem crystallisation was able to start. The second stage of cave activity followed with water flow between III and I entrances and Rura passage development. The water flow through Rura was extorted by big rock fall in Ślepa Komora ca 115-95 ka ago. Later, glacier development in Chochołowska Valley probably created a hydrological barrier in the valley and the water used the older cave passages as a simpler way of circulation. SGP Home Page Volume content Studia Geologica Polonica, 113: 105-119. Stratygrafia osadów czwartorzędowych wschodniej części Pasma Smoleńsko- Niegowonickiego (Wyżyna Krakowsko-Częstochowska) Joanna MIROSŁAW-GRABOWSKA Institute of Geological Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Twarda 51/55, 00-818 Warszawa, Poland; jmirosla@twarda.pan.plStreszczenie
Quaternary stratigraphy in the eastern part of Smoleń-Niegowonice Range (Kraków-Częstochowa Upland) SummaryThe Smoleń-Niegowonice Range is a chain of limestone hills party covered with Quaternary deposits. On the basis of detailed geological fieldwork, study of the Biśnik cave filling and numerous grain-size and heavy mineral analyses, the stratigraphy of the Quaternary sediments and relief evolution were elaborated. The relief comprises forms of erosional-denudational origin e.g: inselbergs, valleys, gorges (Fig. 2) controlled by tectonic structure and limestone lithology of the bedrock, and purely accumulation forms such as weathering covers, glacifluvial covers, alluvial surfaces, loess covers and dunes. The Quaternary deposits consist of weathering loams, glacifluvial sands, lacustrine sands and silts, loess, dune sands, fluvial sands and silts (Figs. 3 & 4). The origin and stratigraphy of sediments filling the Biśnik cave - an important palaeolithic site were investigated (Mirosław-Grabowska, 1995; Mirosław-Grabowska et al., 1995; Cyrek, 1994). The 5 m thick section of the cave sediments consists of three main series composed of 18 layers identifiable on the basis of geological, archaeological and palaeontological data (Fig. 5). Below the basal series, autochthonous residual clays of terra rossa-type (layer 18) occur. They originated in the Tertiary, probably in the Pliocene. Series I is composed mainly of loams with limestone rubble. Layers 17-14 accumulated during the South and Middle Polish Glaciations. Layers 13-12 are correlated with the Eemian Interglacial. Layers 11-8 accumulated during the Vistulian Glaciation. The overlying series II consist of three layers (7-5) of fluvial sands. Fluvial accumulation in the cave is the result of its low morphological position in the slope of adjacent valley. Series III comprises loess and eolian sands (layers 4-2) accumulated during the Upper Plenivistulian. The uppermost part of the section consist of Holocene humus (layers 1a, 1b). The distinguished genetic types of the Quaternary deposits were correlated with the cave sediments (Fig. 4). The correlation helps to establish the stratigraphy of the Quaternary deposits in the studied area. During the Tertiary this area was exposed to intense chemical weathering and, then, to denu- dational and erosional processes. The limestone inselbergs, valleys and gorges were formed. Weathering loams and residual clays were accumulated at that time (Różycki, 1972). During the South Polish Glaciation, only layers 17-16 in the cave were probably deposited. During the Middle Polish Glaciation the glacifluvial sands were accumulated (Bednarek et al., 1978; Szczypek, 1984) and layers 15-14 in the cave. The Eemian Interglacial is represented only by two loam layers in the cave with strongly weathered limestone debris. During the Vistulian Glaciation this area was exposed to fluvial and eolian processes (Szczypek, 1984). The lacustrine silts, loess covers and dunes were formed (Bednarek et al., 1978). During the Holocene, the alluvial flood-plains and small dunes (Dulias, 1997) were formed and soil processes developed. At present, denudational and erosional processes mainly in the loess covers are observed. SGP Home Page Volume content Studia Geologica Polonica, 113: 121-136. Wstępne wyniki badań środkowopaleolitycznych stanowisk lessowych Podola Aleksander SYTNIK*, Andrej BOGUCKI**, Pietro WOŁOSZYN**, Teresa MADEYSKA*** * Institute of Ukraine, Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, Vinnichenka 24, 290009 Lviv, Ukraine** Department of Geography, Lviv University, Doroshenka 41, 290000 Lviv, Ukraine *** Institute of Geological Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Twarda 51/55, 00-818 Warszawa, Poland; tmadeysk@twarda.pan.pl Streszczenie
Middle Palaeolithic loess sites in Podole (Western Ukraine) - a preliminary study SummaryDuring the last 2 decades, some 40 Middle Palaeolithic sites were discovered in Podole. Archaeological and geological investigations were carried out in sites: Proniatyn, Hluboczek Wielki I, Igrowica I, Bugłow V and Jezupol (Fig. 1). All of them are situated in loess profiles containing fossil soils and cryogenic horizons (Fig. 2). According to Bogucki (1986, 1987; Bogucki et al., 1994), several stratigraphic horizons can be distinguished in the loess profiles of Podole (numbering after Bogucki, letter symbols after Maruszczak, 1994): (1) Recent soil (A1 and B horizon, 0.5-2.0 m thick) (2) upper part of Upper Pleistocene loess (0.3-3.0 m thick), it corresponds to LMg: upper younger loess (3) Dubno fossil soil (4) lower part of Upper Pleistocene loess (0.5-2.0 m) - LMd: lower younger loess (5) Horokhov fossil pedocomplex (0.5-1.5 m) - soil complex GJ1 (6) upper part of Middle Pleistocene loess (0.3-3.0 m) - LSg: upper older loess (7) Korshov fossil pedocomplex (0.4-1.0 m) - soil complex GJ2 (8) lower part of Middle Pleistocene loess - LSs: middle older loess. The Mousterian culture layers are connected mainly with the lower part of the Upper Pleistocene loess (4) and with the Horokhov pedocomplex (5). The stratigraphy is complicated there due to the presence of bipartite criogenic deformation, with ice wedges formation followed up by solifluction. The majority of Mousterian materials (Fig. 3) can be correlated with the development of the upper, steppe part of the Horokhov pedocomplex, traceable to the early Vistulian interstadials. Only the Jezupol site can be dated to the Eemian. Late Acheulian-type materials (Fig. 4) were found in the upper part of the Korshov pedocomplex (Bugłow I and older layer in Hluboczek Wielki) correlated with early interstadials of the penultimate glaciation. The evolution of Levaloisian technique is observed, beginning from so called “protolevaloisian” technique in Acheulian materials, through radial one to parallel in the Mousterian. It means, that important local tradition of Levaloisian technique development is documented in Podole. This illustrates how archaeological materials can be used for dating fossil soils of unknown geological age. On the basis of these preliminary research, it is suggested that cool continental climatic conditions during the beginning of the Vistulian in Podole were suitable for the development of steppe, providing rich pastures for animals being a prey to Palaeolithic hunters. Such conditions promoted the development of Palaeolithic human settlements. Further geological and palaeopedological studies of these archaeological sites are planned for the nearest future in order to attain detailed picture of human settlement history on the background of Pleistocene stratigraphy and palaeogeography. SGP Home Page Volume content Studia Geologica Polonica, 113: 137-180. Zróżnicowanie roślinności Polski u schyłku ostatniego zlodowacenia Teresa MADEYSKA Institute of Geological Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Twarda 51/55, 00-818 Warszawa, Poland; tmadeysk@twarda.pan.plStreszczenie
Vegetation in Poland at the close ot the last glaciation [Summary] SGP Home Page Volume content |